Electrical stimulation is extensively used for the symptomatic control of pain. Although the idea had been proposed for many years (decades even) the rationale boost was provided by the so called “gate control theory” of pain proposed in the mid 1960s by Meizack and Wall.

This article is about pain - and the waveforms included in the Stimulette Edition 5 S2x for working with various kinds of pain.

As we saw in my recent article, (Electrotherapy, FES and it's historical roots) Electrotherapy and it’s cousin, electrical stimulation, have some deep and colourful roots. The stories of applying electrical energy to the body for therapeutic purposes have sometimes stretched the imagination, have sometimes inspired quackery but also produced some fantastic results along the way. In simple terms, the aim is to deliver electrical energy to the tissues of the body in a precisely controlled manner, that will bring about physiological change and by this means achieve some therapeutic benefit.

The new Edition 5 S2x electrotherapy device hosts a number of excellent stimulation protocols but we find that knowledge about their application is not that well understood. In a series of articles we will take a look at some of these protocols and how they might be used. The first protocol we explore is sometimes known as “Russian Stimulation” but it also goes by other names - for example Kotz stimulation or Burst Mode Alternating Current which does tend to lead to some confusion.

The Stimulette Edition 5 supports a wide variety of electrotherapy waveforms that are useful for muscle weakness, pain and paralysis. In the case of muscle weakness due to denervated muscles the product supports two classes of waveforms. We discuss in this article how we approach using the stimulator with denervated muscle

Functional Electrical Stimulation and its parent topic, Electrotherapy have been around a long time now but it seems to me are still not well-understood or embraced in the mainstream of healthcare in the UK. In a series of articles im going to take a look at this topic from a number of points of view. In this first article we peek at the historical roots of electrotherapy.

Electrotherapy for lower motor neuron lesions is not well understood by clinicians but we have many users benefiting from home use of the Stimulator RISE to combat the consequences of muscle denervation.