This article explores the origins and evolution of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), tracing its development from early electrical stimulation experiments to its emergence as a practical, non-invasive therapy for pain and spasticity management. It explains how tSCS modulates spinal sensory circuits, outlines the scientific milestones that shaped the technique, and highlights its growing role in modern neurorehabilitation. The article also introduces Stim2Go, the first European-approved device for tSCS, and discusses how this versatile technology is bringing advanced spinal stimulation into everyday clinical and home-based rehabilitation.

This article provides an overview of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), a non-invasive spinal stimulation therapy used in neurorehabilitation to support spasticity reduction, neuropathic pain management, and rehabilitation alongside therapy. It explains how tSCS works, reviews current research evidence, outlines safety considerations, and explores the growing availability of commercial tSCS devices for clinical and home-based use.

This article explains transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), a non-surgical approach that is generating significant interest in the spinal cord injury community. We'll explore what it is, how it differs from implanted stimulation, what the current research shows — including applications for pain and spasticity management — and what questions you might want to discuss with your clinical team.

All medical devices have indications and contraindications, and the manufacturer always states these clearly. However, not all electrical stimulation devices on the market are classified as medical devices, so the manufacturer may not clearly describe when they might be unsafe to use.

A very common situation we face when dealing with clients is the presence of metal implants such as joint replacements, fracture fixation plates and spinal instrumentation near where we wish to apply electrodes. The concern has been that the energy generated by electrical stimulation over metal implants would cause local, damaging heating within the tissues. We consider this below.

We must follow the manufacturer's recommendations. However, you might wonder about the real risks. Do the benefits of using electrical stimulation outweigh the risks? This article explores this topic.

Electrical stimulation is a widely used method of applying energy to the body to produce a physiological response. By controlling the nature of this energy, we can expect to produce a useful therapeutic effect. These ideas have decades of practical use and are generally safe and effective in many situations. Still, it can be difficult to understand how to match one of the many techniques to a particular clinical case. This article delves into methodologies and technologies for pain management and muscle rehabilitation. We explore innovative solutions that offer customised and effective treatment plans, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

This article explores the role of electrical stimulation in the recovery of denervated muscles, detailing its mechanisms, clinical guidelines, and home-based applications. It highlights recent research, current limitations, and future directions, offering insights for medical professionals and patients.