If you've determined that you need electrical stimulation for denervated muscles, the next question is obvious: which device should you choose? This is where many people become confused — and understandably so. The market is flooded with electrical stimulation devices, most of which cannot help denervated muscles, and the technical specifications can be bewildering even for clinicians, let alone someone navigating this for the first time after a life-changing injury.

In my experience, the confusion isn't really about the number of options. It's about how devices that look similar on the outside — a box, some wires, a pair of electrodes — can be fundamentally different on the inside. A TENS unit from a pharmacy or bought online, and a specialised denervated muscle stimulator may appear related, but they are designed for entirely different physiological purposes. Choosing the wrong one isn't just a waste of money; it means lost time during a period when early intervention matters most.

In this article, I'll explain what features actually matter for denervated muscle stimulation, why most devices on the market are unsuitable, and how to evaluate your options

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) is an emerging technique gaining interest in neurorehabilitation, but its origins go back further than many people realise. This article explores how TSCS developed, the early ideas and research that helped shape it, and why it has become an important area of focus today. A helpful overview for anyone looking to understand where TSCS came from and how it has evolved into the approach being explored in modern clinical practice.

This article provides an overview of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), a non-invasive spinal stimulation therapy used in neurorehabilitation to support spasticity reduction, neuropathic pain management, and rehabilitation alongside therapy. It explains how tSCS works, reviews current research evidence, outlines safety considerations, and explores the growing availability of commercial tSCS devices for clinical and home-based use.

This article explains transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), a non-surgical approach that is generating significant interest in the spinal cord injury community. We'll explore what it is, how it differs from implanted stimulation, what the current research shows - including applications for pain and spasticity management - and what questions you might want to discuss with your clinical team.

All medical devices have indications and contraindications, and the manufacturer always states these clearly. However, not all electrical stimulation devices on the market are classified as medical devices, so the manufacturer may not clearly describe when they might be unsafe to use.

A very common situation we face when dealing with clients is the presence of metal implants such as joint replacements, fracture fixation plates and spinal instrumentation near where we wish to apply electrodes. The concern has been that the energy generated by electrical stimulation over metal implants would cause local, damaging heating within the tissues. We consider this below.

We must follow the manufacturer's recommendations. However, you might wonder about the real risks. Do the benefits of using electrical stimulation outweigh the risks? This article explores this topic.

Electrical stimulation is a widely used method of applying energy to the body to produce a physiological response. By controlling the nature of this energy, we can expect to produce a useful therapeutic effect. These ideas have decades of practical use and are generally safe and effective in many situations. Still, it can be difficult to understand how to match one of the many techniques to a particular clinical case. This article delves into methodologies and technologies for pain management and muscle rehabilitation. We explore innovative solutions that offer customised and effective treatment plans, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.